By Dr. Ted Hankes

Special to The North Jefferson News



Recently I was asked what was the most common health problem that I saw in my veterinary practice. By far the most common health problem we see is periodontal disease.

Periodontal disease is defined as inflammation and infection of the periodontal space and ligaments of the teeth. Periodontal disease occurs in two forms: gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is reversible inflammation and infection of the gingiva. Periodontitis involves deeper inflammation and infection with loss of tooth support by the periodontal ligaments, permanent damage, and loss of teeth.

Gingivitis occurs when plaque, a gummy substance that forms on the teeth within a few hours after a meal turns in to tarter. If not removed within twenty-four hours, plaque hardens into tartar.

Tarter accumulates above and below the gum line and gradually thickens over time. Tarter is harmful in two ways. First, it serves as a place where bacteria can reside and multiply in the mouth. There is substantial scientific evidence that these bacteria are absorbed into the blood stream and deposited in various organs. Heart, liver, and kidney disease often result. Second, tartar builds up along the gum line. As the tartar enlarges, it pushes the gums away from the roots of the teeth leading to periodontitis. Periodontal disease is easily detected by foul smelling breath.

Periodontitis is initiated by an accumulation of large amounts of tarter and bacteria at the junction of the tooth and gingiva and the periodontal ligament. When the infection becomes severe the teeth will loosen and fall out.

Preventing tarter accumulation is the key to preventing gingivitis and periodontitis. After your dog’s teeth have been cleaned professionally at your veterinarians office, we recommend beginning home dental care to help reduce plaque and tartar buildup.

There are several ways to prevent plaque and tarter accumulation on your pets teeth. First, feed your pet a veterinary-approved dental diet or a premium diet with scientifically proven tartar-reducing ingredients.

The Hill’s pet food company makes an extremely effective food at removing plaque from your pet’s teeth. These diets have been shown to greatly reduce plaque formation and tartar buildup. They contain unique additives and specially designed kibbles that interfere with plaque development. By limiting plaque as it forms, tartar development is greatly diminished.

Brushing your pet’s teeth is another effective means of removing plaque before it turns into tartar. Since too much fluoride is toxic to animals, we recommend using a special toothpaste made especially for pets that can be obtained from your veterinarian. Brushing should be done at least two to three times weekly (preferably daily), but we understand that not all dogs will tolerate it. You can also obtain specially shaped toothbrushes from your veterinarian that make this task easier for you and your pet.

Use of a daily oral rinse can be extremely effective at maintaining the health of your pet’s mouth. This type of product helps reduce the bacterial count in the mouth, resulting in improved breath.

Dental chews that contain enzymes that break down plaque and prevent tarter accumulation are effective products also but can only be obtained from your veterinarian. These products should be used with caution as many over-the-counter chews may cause choking.

The newest and probably the easiest product available is a liquid water additive that will prevent plaque and tarter accumulation on your pet’s teeth. This is also not available over-the-counter.

Having your veterinarian perform a prophylactic teeth cleaning every six to twelve months or at the first sign of tartar buildup is very beneficial to your pet’s oral health. This will prevent damage to the gums and roots.

Home dental care is very important for the health of your pet’s mouth. Periodontal disease is very painful to your pet. If your pet has foul smelling breath you should make an appointment with your veterinarian soon for a dental exam. They feel much better and live longer with a clean and healthy mouth.

Dr. Hankes is the owner of All Creatures Pet Hospital (Formerly Allen Animal Clinic) in Gardendale. If you have any questions or concerns, Dr. Hankes or a staff member would be glad to assist you. Please call 631-6210.